Debilitating cluster headaches commonly begin in childhood, but patients are not typically diagnosed until they are adults, according to new research.
A team of researchers led by Mark Burish, MD, PhD, assistant professor in the Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery with McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, conducted the Cluster Headache Questionnaire, an international, internet-based survey of 1,604 participants with cluster headache. Results from the survey were recently published in Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain.
Cluster headache is a rare headache disorder, occurring in about one in every 1,000 individuals. They are extremely painful and occur in cyclical patterns known as cluster periods, with most attacks taking place at the same time each day. Cluster headache is diagnosed as «episodic» when the attacks occur in periods lasting between seven days and one year and are separated by pain-free periods lasting three months or longer. Meanwhile, in «chronic» cluster headache, attacks occur for more than one year without remission or with remissions lasting less than three months.
The headaches are similar to migraines, but there are some key differences. Unlike migraines, which can last an entire day or potentially several days if left untreated, cluster headaches typically last anywhere from 15 to 180 minutes. While it’s uncommon to have more than one migraine a day, it is possible for someone to have up to eight cluster headaches over a 24-hour period. Moreover, migraine pain can vary in location; by contrast, cluster headaches involve only one side of the head, typically at the temple or around the eye. Lastly, people who have migraines tend to rest in a quiet, dark room, whereas people who have cluster headaches tend to become restless and often pace around the room.
There is extremely limited information on several characteristics of cluster headache, namely pediatric-onset cluster headache and comparative effectiveness of cluster headache treatments.
«I hope that this study will change the traditional thinking that cluster headache only affects adult men,» said Burish, who is also with The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. «Our study shows that it commonly starts in childhood, and that many children go years without the correct diagnosis, presumably suffering the entire time because they don’t have the correct treatments.»
Significantly, pediatric onset was found in 27.5% of survey participants, but only 15.2% of participants with pediatric onset were diagnosed before the age of 18.
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Materials provided by University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Original written by Caitie Barkley. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.