The more an academic discipline is perceived to require raw talent or ‘brilliance’ for success, the more both women and early-career academics feel professionally inadequate — like ‘impostors’ — finds a new study of U.S. academics by a team of psychology researchers.

The results, which appear in the Journal of Educational Psychology, were especially pronounced among women from racial and ethnic groups that are traditionally underrepresented in higher education and academia (i.e., Black or African American, Hispanic or Latino/a, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander).

«Based on previous research, it is likely that women from these groups have stronger impostor feelings in brilliance-oriented fields because they are targeted by negative gender, racial, and ethnic stereotypes about their intellect,» says Melis Muradoglu, a New York University doctoral candidate and the lead author of the paper.

«Many high-achieving individuals feel inadequate despite evidence of their competence and success,» adds Andrei Cimpian, a professor in NYU’s Department of Psychology and the paper’s senior author. «Our study shows these sentiments are more likely to emerge in certain contexts — namely, those where brilliance is emphasized — so efforts should be focused on how higher education can create environments where all academics feel capable of succeeding.»

Earlier research by Cimpian and his colleagues found that men are more likely than are women to be perceived as «brilliant,» while another study he co-authored with Princeton University’s Sarah-Jane Leslie revealed that women and African Americans are underrepresented in careers where success is perceived to depend on high levels of intellectual ability.

In the Journal of Educational Psychology work, Muradoglu, Cimpian, and Leslie, along with the University of Edinburgh’s Zachary Horne and Victoria University of Wellington’s Matthew Hammond, sought to better understand how the «impostor phenomenon,» or a feeling of intellectual inadequacy despite evidence of competence and success, is manifested in academia, where intellectual ability is at a high premium.

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